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African Union (AU) member states have various forms of government. The Constitutive Act of the African Union makes no provision for what type of government a member state may or must have, but Article 30 states: :Governments which shall come to power through unconstitutional means shall not be allowed to participate in the activities of the Union. This clause has only been applied to Mauritania after its 2005 coup d'état, to Madagascar as a result of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis and to Togo during its political crisis in April 2005. Several political systems of governance are represented in the AU, including stable, competitive democracies (Botswana, Cape Verde), systems dominated by single parties, and even a failed state that exists in a ''de jure'' capacity (Somalia) and a government in exile (Western Sahara's Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.) ==Monarchism and republicanism== At present, two sovereign monarchies are members of the African Union: Lesotho (ruled by King Letsie III), and Swaziland (ruled by King Mswati III, with Ntombi.) Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy, in which the king or queen serves a largely ceremonial function; he no longer possesses any executive authority and is proscribed from actively participating in political initiatives. According to the constitution, the leader of the majority party in the assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarch is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution which came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to determine who is next in the line of succession, who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age, and may even depose the monarch. Swaziland is an absolute monarchy, currently in the process of democratization. According to current Swazi law and custom, the monarch holds supreme executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The king ("Ngwenyama") is a hereditary leader, receiving assistance from a council of ministers and a national legislature. The senior queen ("Ndlovukati") is in charge of national rituals, and acts as regent if her counterpart Ngwenyama dies and the heir has not performed royal adulthood rituals or is indisposed. If the king's mother is no longer living, one of the king's wives may act as Ndlovukati. The king has constitutional protection from arrest and trial. In several other African states there are subnational monarchs, but only a select few are vested with constitutional and\or legal powers, and therefore the majority of them are little more than traditional notables in practice. The Ashanti Confederacy in Ghana is led by Asantehene (King) Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II; the succession is decided by a series of councils of local nobles and other royal family members. KwaZulu-Natal (or Zululand) is led by the king of the Zulu Nation, currently Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu. Although he does not hold any direct political power, he is provided a stipend by the government of South Africa, and holds considerable sway over more traditionalist Zulu people in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Both the Asantehene and the Zulu monarch are part of complex networks of other kings and chiefs that constitutionally serve as traditional leaders of their respective countries. Due to constitutional reform in Uganda in 1993, several traditional monarchies have been politically reconstituted by the government of Yoweri Museveni. These are: * Ankole: Omugabe Ntare VI * Buganda: Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II and Nnabagereka Sylvia * Bunyoro: Omukama Iguru * Busoga: Kyabazinga Henry Wako Muloki * Toro: Omukama Rukidi IV Elsewhere, in Botswana, the kgosis (or chieftains) of the various tribes are constitutionally empowered to serve as advisors within the national legislature as members of the Ntlo ya Dikgosi. Meanwhile, in Nigeria, the various traditional polities that currently exist are politically defined by way of the ceding of definite authority from the provincial governments, which in turn receive their powers to do so from a series of chieftaincy laws that have been legislatively created. Beyond this, residual powers are also derived by the Nigerian traditional rulers from both pre-existing customary laws and the remnants of the indirect rule policy of the colonial era. Historically, there have been several monarchies throughout the African continent. Since decolonization, many have been abolished in favor of republics. The following African monarchies have existed in the twentieth century: * Kingdom of Burundi (abolished 1966) * Central African Empire (abolished 1979) * Congo Free State (annexed by Belgium, 1908) * Kingdom of Egypt (abolished 1953) * Empire of Ethiopia (abolished 1975) * Kingdom of Libya (abolished 1969) * Rhodesia (not recognized; abolished 1970) * Kingdom of Rwanda (abolished 1961) * Kingdom of Tunisia (abolished 1957) * Sultanate of Zanzibar (abolished 1964, currently a constituent of the United Republic of Tanzania) Several African colonies were under the sovereignty of the King or Queen of the United Kingdom. Upon independence, several states became Commonwealth realms (formerley known as Dominions), with the British monarch as a titular sovereign. Currently, no former British colonies in Africa are Commonwealth realms: * The Gambia (abolished 1970) * Ghana (abolished 1960) * Kenya (abolished 1964) * Malawi (abolished 1966) * Mauritius (abolished 1992) * Nigeria (abolished 1963) * Sierra Leone (abolished 1971) * Union of South Africa (abolished 1961) * Tanganyika (abolished 1962) * Uganda (abolished 1963) In spite of this, several African states are affiliated with the Commonwealth of Nations: * Botswana * Cameroon * The Gambia * Ghana * Kenya * Lesotho * Malawi * Mauritius * Mozambique * Namibia * Nigeria * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * South Africa * Swaziland * Tanzania * Uganda * Zambia 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of African Union member states by political system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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